For patients fighting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the current standard first-line treatment is typically immuno-oncology, specifically atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (A+B). But what happens when that treatment fails? The optimal subsequent, or second-line, treatment strategy remains “quite open” and “undefined” in clinical practice. Now, groundbreaking real-world evidence from the multinational LEVIATHAN study is challenging previous assumptions and